NURSING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS PROFESSIONAL

The terms knowledge translation, knowledge exchange, knowledge transfer, knowledge integration and research utilization are used to describe overlapping and interrelated research on putting various forms of knowledge, including research, to use. Implementation science is defined as the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other EBPs into routine practice to improve the quality and effectiveness of health services and care. The importance of a clarifying taxonomy has evolved during the many discussions on theoretical approaches used within implementation science that the author has had over the past few years with fellow implementation researchers, as well as reflection on the utility of different approaches in various situations. The ambition is to facilitate appropriate selection and application of relevant approaches in implementation studies and foster cross-disciplinary dialogue among implementation researchers. The aim is to describe and analyse how theories, models and frameworks have been applied in implementation science and propose a taxonomy that distinguishes between different approaches to advance clarity and achieve a common terminology. This article seeks to further implementation science by providing a narrative review of the theories, models and frameworks applied in this research field. There are now so many theoretical approaches that some researchers have complained about the difficulties of choosing the most appropriate. Implementation studies now apply theories borrowed from disciplines such as psychology, sociology and organizational theory as well as theories, models and frameworks that have emerged from within implementation science. There is mounting interest in the use of theories, models and frameworks to gain insights into the mechanisms by which implementation is more likely to succeed. However, the last decade of implementation science has seen wider recognition of the need to establish the theoretical bases of implementation and strategies to facilitate implementation. Poor theoretical underpinning makes it difficult to understand and explain how and why implementation succeeds or fails, thus restraining opportunities to identify factors that predict the likelihood of implementation success and develop better strategies to achieve more successful implementation. Mixed results of implementing EBP in various settings were often attributed to a limited theoretical basis. noted that only 10% of the studies identified provided an explicit rationale for their strategies. A review of guideline implementation strategies by Davies et al. (:108) remarked that this research seemed like вЂњan expensive version of trial-and-errorвЂќ. Early implementation research was empirically driven and did not always pay attention to the theoretical underpinnings of implementation.

NURSING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS PROFESSIONAL

Implementation science was borne out of a desire to address challenges associated with the use of research to achieve more evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care and other areas of professional practice. Furthermore, process models recognize a temporal sequence of implementation endeavours, whereas determinant frameworks do not explicitly take a process perspective of implementation. And while the relevance of addressing barriers and enablers to translating research into practice is mentioned in many process models, these models do not identify or systematically structure specific determinants associated with implementation success. Most determinant frameworks provide limited вЂњhow-toвЂќ support for carrying out implementation endeavours since the determinants usually are too generic to provide sufficient detail for guiding an implementation process. While there is overlap between some of the theories, models and frameworks, awareness of the differences is important to facilitate the selection of relevant approaches. These categories are not always recognized as separate types of approaches in the literature. This article proposes five categories of theoretical approaches to achieve three overarching aims.

Nursing theoretical frameworks